Young and Middle Adulthood free essay sample

Quality Paper Is Important

Quality Paper Is ImportantWhen you want to save money on the cost of your office supplies, the most important factor to consider is the quality of the writing and drawing paper that you buy. Choosing the wrong type of paper can throw off the colors of your document, for example, making it look unprofessional. If you choose the right color and paper, however, you will get a professional looking paper.One thing you should remember when choosing the right paper for your business is the type of paper that you're going to buy. There are three types of paper that you'll find in every office supply store. First there is your plain white paper which is more expensive, then there is colored paper, which is the next step up in price, and finally there is the brown paper which is the cheapest but also the most versatile type of paper.While plain white paper has several advantages, it also has one major disadvantage; it doesn't come in as many colors as the other two options. You'll find that wh ile the plain white type of paper is not necessarily the best type of paper for you to use, you may find that it is the best option for a certain situation.The second type of paper is brown paper. Brown paper can be colored with a paint-like pigment known as ink to make it even more vibrant. Brown paper can also have a smoother texture than the white variety. This type of paper is available in all kinds of colors, from a plain white to dark brown, black, and even a slight blue hue.Writing and drawing paper is one of the few paper products that doesn't become stale or old over time. A person with a good idea for a business can work on the idea until it's perfected. Unfortunately, the less money he or she spends on quality writing and drawing paper, the more likely it is that the company's products will become outdated.The sad truth is that a business document isn't going to appreciate in value the way other types of documents do. An example is the paper in a legal document; this will lose a lot of its value over time. Although no one knows when a law is going to change, paper products that are difficult to duplicate are more likely to become obsolete sooner rather than later.Writing and drawing paper may also be used as napkins and tablecloths for large gatherings of customers. The paper will become more valuable as time goes by, and will become even more valuable when it is passed down to the next generation. Another good example is a home-made quilt that goes up in value.So the next time you're choosing paper for your company, don't just look at the cost of the paper. You should also take into account how long the paper is going to last in your company's budget. It's a good idea to spend a little extra on the quality paper so that you can protect your investment in writing and drawing paper.

Why Clickbait Works (And Why You Should Do More of It)

Why Clickbait Works (And Why You Should Do More of It) We’ve all found ourselves in such situations:You are busy on your computer, conducting some internet research for your latest article or project. While reading through the information on a webpage, an article on the side bar catches your attention. “You won’t believe how these five billionaires made their wealth. Number 5 will shock you!”Who wouldn’t want to know the unbelievable ways through which billionaires made their money? Who knows, you could even get some ideas on how to become a billionaire yourself.So you click on the article, but unfortunately, there is nothing unbelievable or even mildly interesting about the article.However, on the side bar of this page are several other articles with such enticing titles.Good luck not clicking on them!Today, it is almost impossible to surf the internet without coming across articles with enticing titles trying to convince you to click on them.One minute, you are reading about tips on how to get your dream job, and the next, yo u are clicking through pictures of celebrity homes.The funny thing about clickbait articles is that we almost always know that they are clickbait.However, this does not stop us from falling for them hook, line, and sinker.There is something about them that seems to overrun our self-will.This is why you will find yourself clicking on the next article about “The scariest places on earth,” even if the one you just finished reading about “Five things about Donald Trump that will shock you” did not actually leave you shocked.Why do we always fall for these articles?WHAT IS CLICKBAIT, AND WHY DOES IT WORK? Clickbait refers to pieces of digital content that are meant to lure you to click on them by playing on your psychology.They grab your attention either due to their shock value, their sensationalism, or due to how relatable they are to you.In most cases, since the intention of the clickbait author is to simply get clicks and page views, MOST clickbait content does not actually d eliver on its promise, and if it does, it does so in a very poor manner. What matters is that you did actually click to view the content.Sometimes, however, some clickbait content does deliver what it promised.There are still arguments on whether such content should be considered as clickbait or not.It is no secret that clickbait content is very effective at attracting the attention of internet users.Riding on clickbait content, sites like BuzzFeed and Upworthy have been able to capitalize on people’s curiosity to draw tons of traffic to traffic every month.BuzzFeed attracts over 5 billion unique page views every month, while Upworthy attracts well over 200 million unique views on Facebook using this very strategy.So, what is it about clickbait content that keeps us clicking even when we know that we are being baited? There are several reasons why clickbait works. These include:Clickbait Preys on Our EmotionsClickbait takes advantage of behavioral science. While we like to think o f ourselves as highly logical and rational creatures, the truth is that humans are highly emotional.Clickbait authors know this, and therefore they create clickbait titles in such a way to appeal to our emotions.If you take a closer look at most clickbait titles, you will notice that most of them evoke emotions such as fear, envy, sadness, anger, surprise, inspiration, excitement, humor, and so on.This is not by accident, but rather by design.Already, studies show that emotions have a huge on what we click on.What’s more, the more extreme and polarizing these emotions are, the more likely they are to get us to click.Clickbait Takes Advantage of Our CuriosityAside from being driven by emotions, rather than logic and rationality, human beings are also very curious.Various theories have been postulated to explain why curiosity is such a huge influence on human behavior.The most popular theory is the information gap theory, which was proposed by George Loewenstein.According to this th eory, whenever someone perceives that there is a gap between what they know and what they would like to know, this triggers an emotional response that creates an uncomfortable feeling of deprivation.Once this uncomfortable feeling of deprivation is triggered, a person will try as much as possible to reduce or eliminate this feeling by searching for the missing information.This is why you find it hard to ignore those “you won’t believe what happened next” articles.Even when we know we are being baited, we still go ahead and click on these articles.The desire to eliminate the cognitive discomfort of not knowing is greater than the disappointment of opening an article to find that it does not deliver on its promise.When you come across a clickbait article, the following questions go off on in your head?What if the article will actually show me the unbelievable ways through which millionaires make money?What if I’ll actually learn how to become irresistible to the opposite sex?T his will always drive people to click on these articles even when they know that they are clickbait.Reliance on Numbers and ListsPeople like numbers and lists for several reasons.First, numbers are a great way of organizing information and making it easier for the brain to consume.Given blocks of text versus information that has been reduced to numbers, people will opt for the latter.Second, numbers help give readers an idea of how long an article is and how much time and attention they will need to dedicate to reading the story.When you come across an article titled “5 things you never knew about the prince of Saudi”, you already know that there is a predetermined end point for the article, and you can easily tell how much of the article is remaining depending on where you are in the article.In addition, numbers eliminate or reduce the paradox of choice and give a measure of certainty to whatever it is you are reading.Finally, when you are scrolling through an endless stream of text, numbers tend to stand out â€" especially odd numbers.This is why a lot of clickbait authors rely on numbers and lists.You’ll notice that most clickbait headlines look something like this:5 things you never knew about….10 most shocking facts about…25 awesome products that will…19 mistakes that…They do this because they understand that numbers will catch your attention and will give you the perception that whatever information is contained in the article is more credible and easy to consume.Clickbait Relies on Your AnticipationWe have seen above the different tactics that clickbait content uses to catch out attention and get us to click on these headlines. However, here’s the thing.Clickbait content has been around for several decades, even before the advent of the internet.We know that more often than not, clicking on clickbait content will leave you disappointed.Once bitten twice shy logic would say that, as you get more exposed to clickbait content, its effective ness would decrease, since you know it probably consists of false, empty promises and emotional ploys.So, why is it that clickbait content is still effective despite people having been exposed to it for year?Here’s the thing about the human brain (and most animals as well).People have no problem putting up with huge amounts of disappointment, provided they occasionally get what they expected.The more unpredictable the occasions where they get what they expected, the higher the chances that they will put up with even greater amounts of disappointment.This is what gets people addicted to gambling in spite of losing a lot more times than they win.The same thing happens with clickbait content.While this kind of content disappoints most of the time, it sometimes delivers on what it promised.However, you have no way of knowing whether it will deliver this time round or not.Therefore, people keep clicking in the hope that they’ve chanced upon content that will actually satisfy their cu riosity.This is why clickbait content has remained effective, even when it seems that people should know better.HOW TO INCLUDE CLICKBAIT IN YOUR CONTENT MARKETINGWe have seen some of the reasons why clickbait is such an effective way of attracting readers’ attention. However, a lot of content marketers do not like using clickbait.This is due to the fact that clickbait attracts a bad rap.Sites like Buzzfeed and Upworthy rely on clickbait because it fuels their revenue stream.These sites generate revenue through ads, and for them, what counts are clicks and page views.They don’t care whether these visitors stick around long enough to read the content in their articles.Provided someone clicked on the article, this person contributes to visitor numbers, which can in turn be monetized to generate advertising revenue.On the other hand, if you are selling your own products or trying to promote your brand, you care about much more than clicks and page views.You want your visitors to sti ck around long enough to engage with your content and learn more about your brand and your products and services.Therefore, the conventional approach to clickbait content might not work for you.The visitors driven to your site through conventional clickbait methods will not translate into any meaningful ROI for you.Still, it is possible to drive attention to your website and drive impact by applying some aspects of clickbait marketing.Below are some tactics on how to use clickbait strategies to market your business without alienating your visitors or negatively affecting your brand.Use CliffhangersWe have already seen that people will try as much as they can to eliminate the discomfort of not knowing something they would like to know. Cliffhangers are the ultimate way to evoke your readers’ curiosity.The easiest way to employ cliffhangers in your sentence is to use the phrase “Things nobody tells you about” and then insert something your readers are struggling with.As you can see from the below screenshot, this is a tactic that is used even by Forbes.By hinting that there’s some secret information that is being kept from them and that could potentially help them with a problem they are facing, there’s no way your readers will avoid clicking on your article.Making this simple tweak to your headlines can lead to a significant increase in traffic to your article.Take a minute to analyze some of your headlines. If you are writing an article on “How to land your dream job,” consider changing it to “Things nobody tells you about landing your dream job.”Instead of “4 secrets to scoring amazing LinkedIn recommendations” change the headline to “4 things no one tells you about scoring amazing LinkedIn recommendations.”Once you use this tactic, it is important to then provide your readers with knowledge that is not commonly known by everyone, else you will be misleading your readers, which is something you want to avoid.Convert Your Articles Int o ListiclesWe saw that clickbait authors love using numbers in their headlines because the numbers catch the attention of readers, give the perception that the article is easy to read, and give readers a good idea of the amount of attention and time they need to expend on the article.Therefore, why not take advantage of this tactic to increase traffic to your articles by turning them into listicles?Instead of simply writing about “The critical elements of an effective project plan,” why not write about the “The 10 critical elements of an effective project plan?”Use “Need To Know” In Your Headlines Using “need to know” in your headlines is another way of tapping into people’s curiosity to drive them to click on your articles. Such headlines imply that there is some information that they are supposed to know, but do not know.This triggers the reader’s FOMO and the cognitive discomfort we discussed earlier. Using this tactic to drive traffic to your articles is pretty easy.Just take any regular informative article and add “need to know” in its headline. To make the headline even more likely to drive clicks, add a number to it.For instance, if you have article on “How to get ladies to fall in love with you,” edit the headline to “5 things you need to know to get ladies to fall in love with you.”Trust me, the second headline will attract more traffic than the first.Ride on Celebrities’ FameIt is common knowledge that humans love to gossip, and all people engage in some form of gossip. We have an innate drive to want to know about other people’s lives.The mor e famous these people are, the higher the drive.This is why the celebrity gossip industry is worth over $3 billion, and is the same reason why a lot of clickbait content centers on celebrities â€" what celebrities did, what they wore, the cars they drive, the houses they live in, who they are dating, and so on.While you don’t have to share to share clickbait gossip articles to attract traffic to your website, you can still ride on celebrities’ fame to drive people to your articles while at the same time offering value to your readers.To do this, take a topic that is interesting to your readers, find a celebrity who is relevant to this topic, and include their name in your article headline.For instance, if you are writing about wealth generation, you can a headline like, “How to invest your money like Bill Gates.”This headline is certainly going to pull bigger traffic compared to “How to invest your money.”Ride on Hot Topics and Current EventsThis is a tactic that has bee n around for ages, and one that clickbait authors have perfected.Whenever there is a topic or event that is generating a lot of buzz, people will definitely want to learn more about the topic or event, and you can take advantage of this interest to drive traffic to your website or article.For instance, if it is the holiday season and you want to talk about a boring topic such as personal finance, you could write an article on “10 ways to save money this Christmas.”Since it’s the holiday season, a lot of people are searching for things related to Christmas, and making such a tweak to your headline can help you gain more traffic.Similarly, if there is a trending show, such as the Game of Thrones did earlier this year, you can include catchphrases from the show in your headlines, but you should make sure they fit organically.In addition to helping tap into the huge traffic seeking information about a hot topic, including a trending keyword on your headline will also boost your se arch engine rankings.Use Shock Value This is another practice that clickbait authors have perfected. If you look at most clickbait articles, you will notice that they use words and phrases such as “you won’t believe what happened…” “You’ll never guess what happened…” “Unbelievable,” “Shocking,” “amusing,” and so on.Such words and phrases play on shock value to raise readers’ curiosity.These words make a promise to the reader that they will find information that will stun them.Incorporating such words and phrases into your headlines can help you attract more traffic to your articles.There’s one thing you need to keep in mind, however.Such words raise the expectations of your readers.Therefore, if you are going to use such words in your article, you should make sure that the content within the article is strong enough to meet your reader’s expectations.If you are unable to deliver what you promised in your headline, this will only end up hurting your brand, and readers will lose trust in your content.Stir ControversyI mentioned earlier that the more polarizing or extreme a message is, the stronger the emotion this message will evoke, which in turn increases the likelihood of people responding to the message or wanting to find out more about what it claims.You can take advantage of this to drive more traffic to your articles by offering very strong opinions about a topic.People will want to know why you are making such claims, thereby increasing their likelihood of clicking on your articles.In addition, such opinions will drive engagement as people try to share their opinion or tell you why you are wrong.The debate you spark by posting controversial opinions could even cause your content to go viral, which will in turn attract even greater attention to your content.Abodo used this tactic perfectly with this article about some of the racist cities in America.The article sparked a huge and heated debate, and in the process, the article ended up being shared on social m edia over 67,000 times.That said, you should also exercise a bit of caution if you decide to use this strategy.Go for opinions that are unpopular but tolerable. Going for highly sensitive topics can backfire on you and your brand.WRAPPING UPEveryone hates clickbait content, but it remains to be one of the most effective ways of getting readers’ attention and driving traffic to websites.Despite the bad rap it gets, you can still use clickbait strategies to get people to your site without alienating your visitors or negatively impacting your brand.Clickbait is all about how you write your headlines, and by adopting the clickbait strategies discussed above, you can significantly boost the amount of traffic on your website.That said, I need to give a disclaimer.The reason people hate clickbait content is because in most cases, it does not deliver on what it promises.If you want to use these clickbait headline strategies effectively without ruining your brand, you need to make sure tha t your content always matches what is promised in the headline.If you promise your readers 10 unbelievable facts about something, you should deliver ten facts about this thing, and these 10 facts should be unbelievable.If you are able to do that, applying these clickbait strategies in your content marketing will definitely work for you.

Person centred approach - 1432 Words

Person-centred approach - Carl Rogers Person-centred approach is a psychological trend which was invented by Carl Rogers (1902-1987). Carl Rogers was an American psychologist and psychotherapist. His hypothesis was that each person owns a reserved potential of self-understanding and the power to change themselves positively. The task of psychotherapy and helping relationship is to help to mobilize those reserved potentials. The person-centred relationship has three main features: 1. Empathic understanding is when the helper is trying to understand the client’s world and the way the client lives his/her life. During my work I keep my behaviour and emotional responses positive. I do not try to influence the client’s decisions and†¦show more content†¦Client colonised with MRSA at catheter site and is being treated for it. Future infection in the body and stoma site. Keeping the Stoma area clean and caring for the Colostomy. -Health and Safety risk assessment: Client chokes when she is eating or drinking due to her condition. Incorrect diet and supplements will cause choking and health complications. -Heavy Load: Carer pushing the client in a carer controlled wheelchair as client is not able to use electric wheelchair. Carer is at risk of hurting their back when pushing client up gradients. -COSHH: Storage of cleaning goods assessed. -Bed Rails risk assessment: Client can fall out of bed or hurt herself on the rail when having a spasm. -Pressure sore risk assessment: Client is not mobile and thus needs to ensure the use of pressure relieving equipment. -Nutritional risk assessment: To ensure client maintains a healthy nutritional intake. -Financial risk assessment: Client does not have the capacity or mobility to look after her finances. 3. Social needs: On this level, when the basic and safety needs are being satisfied the individual’s emotional needs come to the forefront. The individual’s desire to be surrounded with friends, family. The point is the affectionate, intimate, honest human relationship. Here the love is not to be confused with the basic sexual desire from Level 1. During my work I am trying to keep the client emotionally content. Although my client has a family which visits her as much asShow MoreRelatedPerson-centred and Systems Theory approach case study based essay2761 Words   |  12 Pagesthat there’s nothing to live for, and he wanted to be left alone. Ramesh is due to be released from hospital in two weeks’ time. Introduction The purpose of this essay is to critically analyse the Task-centred and client-centred approaches to Social Work Intervention. I will initially explain their main principles, advantages and disadvantages and apply them to the assessment, planning and intervention of the above case study. Particular attention will be paidRead More1.2 Critically Review Approaches to Person Centred Practice Essay4148 Words   |  17 Pagesapproaches to person centred practice, â€Å"Pathway† planning, â€Å"Maps† planning, â€Å"Person centred portfolios† (otherwise known as â€Å"Essential Lifestyle Planning†) and â€Å"Personal Future Planning.† Discussion will prove that â€Å" each shares characteristics that explicitly emphasise the personal empowerment of service users, in which the principal direction for support generates from those for whom planning is being carried out.†(Langley, 2001) However the use different formats means that each approach focuse s onRead MoreComparing and Contrasting Three of the Main Counselling Approaches777 Words   |  4 Pagesand clarify some of the mystery surrounding these three types of counselling approaches by means of comparing and contrasting with reference to their differing theoretical rationale, therapeutic interventions and processes of change. The Person Centred Approach (Originator: Karl Rogers 1902 – 1987) focuses on the belief that we are all born with an innate ability for psychological growth if external circumstances allow us to do so. Clients become out of touch with this self-actualising tendency byRead MoreUnderstanding counselling theory. Essay example1389 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction. (157 words) Page 3 : Origins of Person- centred counselling (198 words) Page 4: Key concepts and principles of Person- centred counselling. (288 words) Page 5 : How does Person-centred counselling, influence the understanding of the development of concept of self? (245 words) Page 6 : How does person-centred approach inform counselling practice? (267 words) Page 8-10: Key features and comparison of different models, with the person-centred model. (400 words) Page 11 : Conclusion. (200Read MoreA Brief Note On Define Person Centered Values1132 Words   |  5 Pages1.1 - Define person-centred values Person-centred values are about focusing on the individual and their needs it helps us to realize that although individuals can have the same medical conditions it doesn’t mean they require the same support and care. Being person-centred is being able to understand about the individual including their needs, culture, means of communication likes and dislikes. Values can be defined as what is important in the life of the individual you need to think about their individualityRead MoreSelf Determination, Inherent Worth Of The Client And Intersectionality896 Words   |  4 Pagesoff of person-centred approach, strengths-based practice, and anti-oppressive practice. Person-centred Approach I first learned about person-centred approach in my Introduction to Social Work course, but it was not until my practicum placement at the Warm Zone, a drop-in centre for marginalized women, that I realized how central this social service theory is to my helping philosophy. It began with my practicum placement interview in which one of the interviewers emphasized the person-centred principleRead MorePsychodynamic Approach And The Existential Approach865 Words   |  4 Pagesthe counselling approach in helping the client improving his mental health or overcoming personal problems. There are an extensive number of psychotherapies developed by past researchers, with each therapeutic concept offering unique contributions in understanding human behaviour and useful implications for counselling practice (Bedi et al., 2011). Among these therapeutic approaches are the psychodynamic approach and the existential approach. An example of existential approach psychotherapy isRead MoreWhat Is Client Centered Theory?955 Words   |  4 PagesPerson- Centred Theory In about 1950 years two psichologist Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow create a new view in human which was called humanism psychology. It being totally different from other psychology branches like psychoanalysis and behaviourism. One of the most widely known humanistic psychology method created by Carl Rogers is called client-centred therapy: when a therapeutist is applying techniques, such as active listening, making an empathic, sincere and calming environment for the client‘sRead MoreThe Therapy : Self Empowerment1639 Words   |  7 Pagesoutcomes and progress (Casemore, 2011). However, this can also be a limitation of the approach if too much power and responsibility is placed on the client such that they feel burdened or the role of the therapist is overlooked. Another strength is that the client-therapist relationship and its importance as substantiated by research has provided a basis for many other therapies (Seligman, 2006). Further, the approach promotes an active att itude toward life and personal growth through self-awarenessRead MoreUnderstanding The Person Centered Therapist, And Not A Cbt Or Psychoanalytic Therapy1451 Words   |  6 PagesTo me, as a trainee psychotherapist, the best way to thoroughly understand the person-centred approach is to connect the theory behind it to personal experiences. When I’m thinking about why I decided to study to become a Person-Centred therapist, and not a CBT or Psychoanalytic therapist, the first thing that comes to mind is my belief in self-healing. I strongly support Rogers’ idea that all individuals should be in charge of their own lives (Cooper et al., 2007). It is commonly assumed by government

The Ambiguities Of Shakespeare s Shylock - 1110 Words

After the previous lecture is reviewed, The new information about this play that we first take a look at is the ambiguities and how these influence the direction and meaning of the play. If we looks that the different character from different angles we will see that Shakespeare show Shylock as someone that is being treated unfairly by the Christians but on the other hand Shylock is threating the livelihood of a another person. If you look at the play from the Christians side, how can we fully agree with how they are treating another human being, just because he is from another religion. By looking at the wording of the text and the underlying meaning that Shakespeare has put into the play, we can discover Shakespeare’s true intentions. The†¦show more content†¦She says What, no more? when she is told about the amount of money owed and tells him, Pay him six thousand, and deface the bond double six thousand and then treble that. This not only shows her to be rich, but also she is very generous. When she married Bassanio, Portia knew that he was not as wealthy as the other suitors, but there was something different about him. Portia had enough money to live she does not need a rich suitor, so she fell in love with the man whom she thought could love her, and not just want to get richer. However, when Bassanio told her about the bond, Portia immediately was willing to help Antonio with the money and the defeating of Shylock the Jew. Portia gets to prove her wit and knowledge of the law in the courtroom scene when she dresses as The Doctor Of Law and insists on helping out. She is allowed to do this because she tells the judge that she a trainee and is well learned. The character of Shylock seems, outwardly, to be the villain of the play. He sets up a plan to take a pound of flesh from Antonio, who, outwardly, seems like a good Christian. This, however, has more depth to it than it appears. Shakespeare gives reasons for Shylock s actions though t hey may be acts of hatred, it is not unjustified hatred. Instead, it is clear that the Antonio has given Shylock plenty reason to seek revenge. Furthermore, it is quite obvious that many of the Christian characters exhibit theShow MoreRelatedEssay about The Merchant of Venice2939 Words   |  12 Pagesof the villain and main antagonist in this play, the character of Shylock is extremely complex and multi-dimensional. He seems to have two sides that can be emphasized or played up in order to create a fundamentally different play, as has been done many times throughout history; post-Holocaust reproductions, for example, are obviously radically unlike than ones that may have come before (Rich 1). In most modern adaptations, Shylock is seen as a sympathetic character, perhaps due in part to the widespread

Timber frame construction Free Essays

string(95) " in alterations been implemented by the building industry with respect to energy preservation\." Introduction Modern building comes in many signifiers, from traditional masonry, to precast concrete, to steel, and in recent times timber frame building. Timber frame and masonry building are really similar looking edifices. Over the last 30 old ages in Ireland the chief type used in domestic home was masonry building which consists of block inner foliage, pit, insularity and a block outer foliage, externally finished usually with a brick or plaster rendered block. We will write a custom essay sample on Timber frame construction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Over the last 12 old ages timber frame building has grown to account for about 40 per centum of the market. Timber frame building consists of an off site engineered edifice which arrives to site and the pieces are assembled to finish the unit. The external coating is likewise to masonry with brick or plaster rendered block. The ground for chosen this subject is to happen why this alteration occurred. The intent of this thesis is to analyze the Irish lodging market over the last figure of old ages, besides to happen out the grounds for lumber frame building going more popular. Purpose To happen out why the tendency of edifice domestic lodging in Ireland has changed from masonry building to timber frame building. Aims To look into the Irish lodging market and happen grounds for the tendency alteration from masonry building to timber frame building. To analyze the grounds why lumber frame building has grown to the degree it has over masonry building. To analyze the positions of householders and belongings developers towards lumber frame building. Literature Review The primary informations will be sourced from RGU database, Internet sites, RGU books and diaries. Relevant Irish authorities studies and web sites will besides be looked at to derive an indifferent position. Besides the positions of the building bureaus in Ireland will be explored. Research and methodological analysis The writer programs on making a comparing of the two building types in order to accomplish grounds for the displacement in tendency. The brief comparing instance surveies will include cost, clip, heat and energy of both types of building. Questionnaires Questionnaires provided the primary research for this thesis. The writer shall make up one and give it out to relevant householders and belongings developers to derive an penetration into their positions. By making this the writer will happen out the market potency of lumber frame building. Structure of Dissertation Chapter One This chapter explains the rubric of the thesis, introduces the motives and gives a background for the grounds for taking this subject. The writer explains to the reader the purpose and aims of the thesis and how they are traveling to be achieved. Chapter Two The literature reappraisal will look into in tendency in Irish building. Current building bureaus studies will be looked to seek and derive an penetration to the alteration in tendency. The writer feels that this will accomplish the first expostulation of this thesis. Chapter Three This chapter will look into the two edifice options with respect to be, clip, heat and energy. This will be done by a figure of interviews and instance surveies. Areas looked at will be building cost and life rhythm costs. Besides will include a instance survey of both types of building where U-Values and Building Energy Rating will be achieved and assessed to derive an penetration into why the tendency shifted. The writer feels that this will accomplish the 2nd expostulation of this thesis. Chapter Four This chapter the sentiments and positions of householders and belongings developers towards lumber frame building and masonry building are explored by agencies of a questionnaire. The writer feels this will accomplish the 3rd expostulation of the thesis. Chapter Five In this eventually chapter the decision provides a brief sum-up of the determination of the predating chapters. Literature Review Background Over 70 % of place in the developed universe are timber frame places. 60 % of Scots new home are timber frame and over all in the United Kingdom timber frame histories for 15 % of new places. Ireland is easy following our neighbors. Over the last 10 twelvemonth Ireland had been sing a building roar. Housing units been completed in 2000 being 49,812 units turning to 62,686 in 2003, top outing in 2006 with 82,980 unit completed. After 2006 the lodging market in Ireland started to fall, Numberss of units being built in 2007 being 71,356 go oning to fall in 2008 as 48,151 units and go oning to fall in 2009. ( Cardinal Statistics Office Ireland 2008 ) Many lodging estates and flat blocks had been starting up in every metropolis, town and small town chiefly around the computing machine belt around the capital metropolis of Ireland Dublin. Then easy the remainder of the state following. In 1992 lumber frame building history for merely 5 % of the new brooding market. Since so it has grown to tremendous degrees to account for 30 % of entire lodging building nationally ( Construction Industry Federation 2009 ) . Typical these edifice were constructed by masonry building, this consisted of a 300mm pit wall with block inner foliage, insularity, pit and a brick/block outer foliage finished with a plaster render. Over the last 17 old ages timber frame building has shown steady growing. Timber frame building consists of an off site engineered edifice which arrives to site and the pieces are assembled to finish the unit. The external coating is likewise to masonry with brick or plaster rendered block. Some industry experts predict that by 2012 it will account for 50 % of the new brooding market. â€Å" The lumber frame industry in Ireland has shown strength and resiliency, despite these hard economic times. When the upturn comes, timber frame building will be presented with legion chances. † ( Maurice Buckley, CEO, NSAI – National Standards Authority of Ireland. ) Reasons for this occurrence? Energy In Ireland over the last figure of old ages at that place has been a bend in attitude sing the environment, which has in some portion resulted in alterations been implemented by the building industry with respect to energy preservation. You read "Timber frame construction" in category "Essay examples" The chief subject that has come to the bow on an Irish domestic degree is the preservation of fuel and energy ingestion. The building industry has been identified as a considerable portion of the national energy measure. Attitudes of developers and householder are altering to environmentally friendly edifices. Due to this lumber frame building has seen a steady growing. Timber frame is renewable constructing option, for every tree cut down two more are planted. The cost of turning the natural merchandise into a edifice stuff is conceivably less than traditional methods. â€Å" Timber is the lone sustainable renewable commercially feasible constructing stuff. The production of concrete green goodss huge sums of Carbon Dioxide ( C02 ) , which has a negative impact on the environment and contributes significantly to planetary heating. † ( Irish Timber Frame Manufacturing Association 2009 ) Speed As the building roar grow so did the demand for lodging and more significantly fast lodging. One of the chief factors for this bend towards timber frame is speed of building. The frame of the edifice can be erected in a figure of yearss which compared to typical masonry edifice is improbably faster. This is due to the lumber frame been constructed off site in a mill and delivered to site as a planned procedure of assembly. Masonry on the other manus takes a figure of hebdomads to make roof degree where as lumber frame is erected in a figure of yearss. Even in moisture conditions work can still go on as a staging system is in topographic point around the foundation, where as blocks for masonry building can merely be laid in dry conditions. Besides with lumber frame building the edifice is weather proof much faster so internal plants can get down much quicker. Besides a batch of the slower work for pipe fitters and linemans such as first repair is much easy done in a lumber frame house . â€Å" Timber frame has 30 % shorter, more predictable building clip than brick and block † ( UK Timber Frame Association 2009 ) . In masonry building the usage of moisture trades in the physique causes excess clip needed for drying out. Because lumber frame is a dry signifier of building there is no drying out clip which is a economy of a figure of hebdomads. Besides because of this there is less lightly a hazard of checking looking on walls and ceilings for shriveling which can happen in masonry often. Cost The cost of a lumber frame house is similar to masonry built. Unlike masonry, costs of a lumber frame physique can be fixed long before the foundations are poured. This is due to most timber frame providers besides fix the construction. So a fix monetary value for a fixed solution. No rain yearss for wet trades or no extra costs. â€Å" This ensures that the extra disbursals that spiral as a edifice advancement can be eliminated. † ( Irish Timber Frame Manufacturing Association 2009 ) . The figure of individuals need to repair the construction is lower than a masonry physique, besides with respect to clip, clip is money so the faster the physique the cheaper for the developer and home-builder. Besides the manus over clip for a complete home is must faster so this will profit developer ‘s hard currency flow and profitableness. Due to the velocity of building on site security cost or greatly reduced. Flexibility of Layout Because timber frames internal walls being building out of light weigh divider walls the internal infinite of a lumber frame physique is really flexible. Any errors in layout of internal walls is easy rectified, where as masonry internal wall would be peculiarly more hard to rectify. Case Studies Introduction To acquire existent grounds for the tendency mover towards timber frame building and to acquire a true indicant of the cost difference in both timber frame and traditional masonry domestic building the writer looked at two cardinal countries, building costs and life rhythm costs. In relation to building costs the countries of preliminary costs ; works and equipment costs and site labor costs are looked at in greater item. Construction Costss Preliminary Costss Every building undertaking incurs preliminary costs. Preliminary costs are defined as, â€Å" Costss which are straight involved with the overall completion of a building undertaking † ( Roy Chudley 2002 ) These costs include points such as site direction, insurance for the undertaking, drivers and secret agents. On larger sites where site cabins, offices, storage rooms, lavatories and canteens are required the costs incurred are besides referred to as preliminary costs. For each undertaking there is an allowance set aside for preliminary costs. However in relation to timber frame building these costs are included in the overall lumber frame bundle. This is a consequence of the bulk of the work required for lumber frame building being carried out off site, which in bend makes the budget costs a batch cheaper than traditional masonry. Derek Moore a manager with Timberline edifice contractors Ltd Dublin provinces, â€Å" by pre-manufacturing the lumber frame off-site, houses are constructed more cost efficaciously † . ( Pick a Pro 2009 ) To endorse up this point the Irish Timber frame manufactures association provinces â€Å" this method of building is non cheaper peculiarly if the builder has n’t thought his patterns through but because mill fiction means much greater predictability, better controls and of class, a faster gait † ( Irish Timber Frame Manufacturing Association 2009 ) . This is non the instance for its traditional masonry opposite number as preliminary costs are required as a separate budget, this is due to the fact that all of the work required for traditional masonry is carried out on site. A bulk of the preliminary budget for the traditional masonry method includes hire of works and proviso for skips and concrete silos on site etc. Another factor to be taken into consideration is the clip period taken to build a lumber frame house, which is significantly lower than that of traditional masonry opposite number. Costss such as site supervising and the demand for applied scientists and the similar on site are greatly reduced. Plant and Equipment Costss Plant and equipment costs should be taken in to consideration when covering with building costs. Every undertaking requires certain types of equipment and works to transport out work to a decision. Harmonizing to Colm Kilroy a measure surveyor with Michael Higgins and associates in Galway, â€Å" works and equipment costs are a major portion of all building undertakings, the use of such equipment is critical as a batch of money can be wasted due to bad direction and planning on site † . He continued to state â€Å" if works is required on site for a certain occupation it is critical that the site is ready for that equipment as once it arrives on site it has to be paid for. † ( Colm Kilroy 2009 ) The conditions can besides plays a portion in works and equipment costs, inauspicious conditions conditions can take to a batch of equipment being left idle while the cost for holding it on the site is still being charged. Obviously the conditions conditions can non be controlled by the undertaking squad but in periods of forecasted inclement weather the ordination of works and stuffs should be avoided if possible. Site Labour Costss This country of site labor costs greatly differs with both methods of building. A batch of the factors in relation to be for the lumber frame method of building are all inclusive of the over lumber frame bundle, the bulk of the work to be carried out by specialized labor is completed in the mill and one time the lumber frame unit leaves for the site their work is finished. This in bend reduces any call back costs, to complement this, the Irish lumber frame manufactures association provinces that, â€Å" There are lower call back costs ; any jobs encountered can be eliminated instantly by the lumber frame specializers before go forthing the mill. † ( Irish Timber Frame Manufacturing Association 2009 ) The cost for the labor to rectify these jobs is still inclusive of the lumber frame bundle. Traditional masonry building is in comparing carried out otherwise with all the building work associated with traditional masonry been carried out on site and with each single trade necessitating labors to transport out the work. Cost Case Study The writer compiled a cost comparing from a building contractor ‘s point of position for the development of a lumber frame and masonry domestic home. The house programs used to transport out this comparing were based on a individual house within a development of five similar houses, merely the major elements of the constructions were included in the pricing. for the comparing were obtained from Barry Doyle a measure surveyor with a Co Carlow company and John O Connell a building contractor in Co Galway. The lumber frame house is more expensive to build than its masonry opposite number. There is a cost difference of about a‚ ¬9,000 between both methods to build a individual house taking the chief structural elements in to consideration. For the development consisting of five houses where this house is located the entire monetary value difference in the building of the five houses utilizing both methods of building can be up to a‚ ¬45,000 to a‚ ¬50,000. The undermentioned information shows the logical thinking behind the monetary value differences for the of import elements of the building. Timber frame kit This component looks to be really expensive but the bulk of stuffs needed to finish the lumber frame house including the labor needed for the building are included. Concrete raft foundation The monetary value of the raft foundation differs as there is less steel required in the raft for the lumber frame house in comparing to the masonry built house, this leads to nest eggs for both the labor and stuffs. Block work The difference in the monetary value of the block work is due to the interior foliage and the internal walls of the lumber frame house been constructed of lumber. Roof The lumber frame kit incorporates a bulk of the roof in the over all bundle which leads is a monolithic monetary value difference from the standard roof for the masonry home. Insulation Due to the demand for more insularity in the lumber frame house there is a difference in monetary value over its masonry opposite number. Slabbing As with the insularity due to the sum of timber stud internal dividers and timber interior foliage walls the lumber frame brooding requires more plaster board than the masonry method which increases both the sum of stuff and labor. Plastering The daubing component differs entirely because of the decreased measure of abrasion coat required in the lumber frame house. Carpentry The monetary value difference in relation to woodworking is a consequence of a batch of the lumber work coming pre fabricated as portion of the lumber frame kit, an illustration being the doors coming pre hung with ironmongery fitted and architrave already attached. Main contractors Profit The chief contractors net income has been calculated on the standard per centum being 5 % . Life Cycle Costss Introduction Life rhythm costs are normally interpreted as, † The operating costs of edifices over the prognosis utile life attributed to them † ( Bruceshaw 2009 ) These costs include initial capital costs, business costs and operating costs. In relation to the edifice industry and in peculiar to the traditional masonry and lumber frame methods of building, life rhythm costs are indispensable in make up one’s minding which is the overall cost effectual method of building is. In this chapter the writer discusses countries such as the running costs and other costs that are involved with both signifiers of building. Design Differences and Changes From an aesthetic point of position lumber frame and traditional masonry constructed homes when constructed look really similar, nevertheless lumber frame houses, â€Å" Let for more versatile designs than block built houses † ( Pick a Pro 2009 ) The inquiry is one time the house is constructed how easy is it to transport out alterations to the design. In relation to these changes Kingspan Century province, â€Å" Due to the fact the interior foliage of your lumber frame house is constructed of solid wood and gypsum board, and non concrete blocks and plaster, extensions and changes by and large have significantly reduced impact on the bing edifice † . ( Kingspan Century 2007 ) To further this statement MBS Timber frame Ltd province, â€Å" Because the inside of a lumber frame house is made of wooden panels and gypsum board, changes and extensions will non affect the muss and terrible break of strike harding down solid block walls, and all the other tests and trials that accompany this type of work † . ( MBC Timber Frame 2009 ) Alternatively the block work internal foliage of a masonry house has distinguishable advantages over is timber frame opposite number. Undertakings such as repairing a shelf or drape rail can be a slippery with the lumber frame method, â€Å" There is no job making this in a masonry physique place as all the walls are capable of keeping shelves, drape tracks etc. it would be a simple affair of boring the holes in the right topographic point and sleep togethering your shelf into topographic point † ( Irish Concrete Federation 2009 ) . In comparing, with a lumber frame house, harmonizing to John Meehan a carpenter with a Co Galway Company, â€Å" If you are put ining a new kitchen or telecasting unit, you may happen that there are no evidences in the wall where you need a repair. If in this state of affairs if your repair is put in topographic point without happening a he-man, the unit is certain to fall down under force per unit area † . ( David Treacy 2009 ) Property Market and Selling Value Influencing factors in relation to domestic building include resale value and easiness of sale. The traditional masonry constructed procedure has built up a repute of been a good marketer and a front-runner with the Irish populace, Galway auctioneer John Gilmore provinces, â€Å" Block built houses are easier to sell as people by and large go for the sure method, a batch of people asking about lumber frame houses are wary and are non easy convinced as to its benefits † ( Liam Gordon 2009 ) . The position of an Irish lumber frame company is that, â€Å" Auctioneers and estate agents are by and large of the sentiment that non merely is timber frame non an obstruction in selling a place, but on the contrary, is going more and more a major merchandising point. The energy efficiency of lumber frame houses is going an progressively valued characteristic † . ( Kingspan Century 2008 ) To repeat this, â€Å" For mortgage intents and insurance, most loaners and insurance companies rank lumber frame every bit with block work. Equally far as resale value is concerned, there appears to be no difference at all between the two systems. However some persons have their ain penchants, built up from their ain experience or things they have heard about either system † . ( Homebuilding and Renovating Magazine 2005 ) Runing Costss The lumber frame method of domestic building brushs big nest eggs over its traditional masonry opposite number. These nest eggs result from the lumber frame house holding an allowance for insularity on both the external and internal walls ; this differs well from the traditional masonry method where in most instances merely the external walls contain insularity. â€Å" Because lumber frame constructions are highly good insulated and have less mass than more traditional signifiers of building, important nest eggs can be made in warming costs † . ( Homebuilding and Renovating Magazine 2005 ) A taking Irish lumber frame company states, â€Å" Savingss of between 30 % and 40 % on warming measures are reasonably typical † . ( Devsan Timber Frame Homes 2009 ) In relation to farther nest eggs in the hereafter with lumber frame, â€Å" It is estimated that the warming cost of a lumber frame place can be 30 % lower than that of a masonry home, and the rapid rise in energy costs these costs look set to increase † . Sunday Business Post Newspaper 2007 ) In decision the nest eggs to be made with the lumber frame method of domestic building in relation to warming and energy usage are extended over its masonry opposite number. Time of Construction Introduction From a clip to build perspective the length of clip it takes to construct and complete both signifiers of building differs. The building of a traditional masonry home has a longer clip programme than its lumber frame opposite number. The chief factors lending to the difference in building times include. Programme of plants The programme of plants for both methods has a clip difference of about seven hebdomads from foundation phase to decorating and traveling in phase. Derek Moore of Timberline edifice contractors provinces, â€Å" In footings of physique velocity, timber frame can present a important 30 % decrease on traditional building times, which affect hard currency flow and reduces local perturbation † . ( Pick a Pro 2009 ) The position of another Irish lumber frame provider is the building clip of both methods of building is even larger depending on the edifice, â€Å" Construction clip is cut by about 40 % as your lumber frame construction is erected on site within yearss depending on size and complexness of edifice † . ( Clark Group 2008 ) Building Coatings During the phase whereby the lumber frame unit is erected the internal first repairing work can get down. This work can continue inside the house as the masonry tegument is being built, in comparing no internal work can get down on the masonry house while the block work component is being constructed. The long drying out period associated with traditional masonry building is besides a disadvantage in comparing to the lumber frame method. â€Å" Apart from the obvious labor economy, lumber frame does n’t necessitate any drying-out clip, unlike a standard masonry building, which needs up to 1,500 gallons of H2O to vaporize before it is dry † . ( Sunday Tribune 2001 ) To repeat this a prima Irish lumber frame provider provinces, â€Å" Timber frame AIDSs internal coatings, all walls are consecutive and plumb, corners are square and true. With lumber frame there are less of the â€Å" wet † trades, gypsum board needs merely to be skimmed and pigment, cosmetic stuffs and floor coverings can be applied sooner to dried surfaces † .( Castle Timber Frame Homes 2009 ) Heat Loss in Buildings Introduction For the intent of this thesis the writer compared the U Value of the external walls of both a lumber frame and masonry constructed home, the writer besides decided to obtain the Building Energy Rating ( BER ) for both methods of building so as to do an accurate comparing. Both the U Value computation and the Building Energy Rating are based on the house programs. With the expertness of Michael Sweeney of Sweeney Energy the U Value and BER computations were compiled and the consequences are as follows. U-Value Calculation A U-value is the term given to the step of heat loss through subdivisions of a edifice. It measures the rate that heat transmits through a constituent or construction when there is a difference in air temperature at both sides. â€Å" Uracil Valuess are expressed in Watts per meter Kelvin which is the rate of heat transportation in Watts through 1m2 of the construction for one unit of temperature difference between the air on the two sides of the construction † .( Roy Chudley 2002 ) U-Value Footings The following are footings associated with the computation of the U-Value. Thermal Conductivity â€Å" It is the step of a stuffs ability to convey heat and is expressed as the energy flow in watts per square meter of surface country †. ( Roy Chudley 2002 ) Thermal Resistance â€Å" This is symbolized by the missive R, as representative of a stuffs thermic opposition achieved by spliting its thickness in meters by its thermic conduction †. ( Roy Chudley 2002 ) Timber Frame U-Value Calculation The above computations show that a traditional masonry external pit wall has a U-Value of 0.35 W/m2K in comparing to the lumber frame outer wall, which has a U-Value of 0.25 W/m2K. The findings for this peculiar computation show that the lumber frame domestic building has a better U-Value than its masonry constructed opposite number. Building Energy Rating ( BER ) Calculation The writer decided to compare the Building Energy Rating of both methods of building. To accomplish this the writer availed of the expertness of a qualified BAR assessor who calculated both BER values utilizing the same house programs as used for the U Value Calculations. For the intent of the reader the writer explains some of the footings associated in the Building energy evaluation process. Building Energy Rating Footings The process is based on ciphering the energy balance for a home, â€Å" this is the energy required by the brooding plus any losingss, so less the energy additions this is equal to the energy delivered in to the home †( Cheveron Training 2009 ) Delivered Energy, expressed as kWh/year. This corresponds to the energy ingestion that would usually look on the energy measures of the home for the false standardization tenancy and terminal users considered.( Cheveron Training 2009 ) Primary Energy, expressed as kWh/year. This includes delivered energy, plus an allowance for energy â€Å" overhead † incurred in pull outing, processing and transporting a fuel or other energy bearer to the home. For illustration, in the instance of electricity it takes history of coevals efficiency at power Stationss.( Cheveron Training 2009 ) The consequences show that both timber frame and traditional masonry domestic building have an energy evaluation of B2 for this house. The B2 evaluation is acceptable for a edifice, which incorporates a natural airing design. The primary energy value for the lumber frame method of building is lower than it ‘s masonry opposite number and indicates that the operating expense incurred in pull outing, processing and transporting of energy to the home is lower for lumber frame method. The comparing of the Co2 emanations consequences in the lumber frame method holding lower emanations end product and as antecedently discussed the lower the Co2 emanation the better it is for the environment. Finally the lumber frame method had a lower delivered energy evaluation. This shows that the energy ingestion on the energy measures of the home are once more lower than its masonry opposite number. Developers positions sing the alteration from masonry to timber frame: To accomplish a true indicant on the positions of the building industry in respect to both methods of building and why the tendency has moved towards timber frame it was necessary to obtain the positions of developers who really carry out the edifice works. As portion of the writer research, many building bureaus were contacted. Philip Mahoney of timber frame industries association was contacted and helped with the writer ‘s inquiries. Philip Mahoney of the Timber Frame Manufacturing Association said when asked why the tendency has moved from masonry to timber frame. â€Å" From a developers point of position velocity of building was really of import, because a lumber frame house can be up and roofed in a affair of yearss and ready for the follow on trades to travel in. for the developer this was a great advantage as they were in and out much quicker and hence turn hard currency over. Timber frame would hold besides have got popular with the ego physique sector because of the fact that a ) rather an instruction procedure was carried out by the association and its members, B ) the green card besides began to come into drama every bit good as lumber frame is seen as environmentally friendly which the industry has been advancing. † Tom McHugh, Director of Kilcloghans Ltd Galway who have been outstanding traditional masonry builders for a figure of old ages said in respects to ease of build â€Å" we are masonry builders and we build timber frame, we find that it is particularly simple to construct the lumber frame method † he went on to state in relation to building costs â€Å" timber frame is every bit economical to construct as traditional masonry † sing building costs in relation to the downswing in the building industry he stated â€Å" yes the building cost for both methods had dropped but both methods still work out in and around the same monetary value † . He besides stated that they found the chief advantages of lumber frame to be â€Å" a dry signifier of building every bit good as the obvious advantages of velocity to construct and economical to run † . From a merchandising point of position he found lumber frame, â€Å" easier for the ground that they are more economical in footings of energy usage † . Francis Geraghty Director of Frame to complete edifice contractors Co Galway stated in footings of easiness of building,â€Å" the lumber frame method depends mostly on the type of house the client wants to construct every bit good as the quality of site readying before the lumber frame edifice reaches the site †. He sees the chief advantages of the lumber frame method for him areâ€Å" the U-Values that can be achieved †and besidesâ€Å" the whole lumber frame construction is up and ready for internal work in a affair of yearss †. Colm Kilroy a Quantity Surveyor with Michael Higgins and Associates Galway saidâ€Å" from a cost of stuffs point of position certain stuffs have dropped in monetary value, but the existent bead in monetary value has come from the shopkeepers themselves more so for traditional masonry instead than the lumber frame method. With such competition for work cost of labor has decreased quickly † . He went on to state, â€Å" this bead in labor costs could be a key to the pick of the populace in the coming old ages with traditional masonry acquiring so inexpensive to construct †. John O ‘ Connell, a builder, based in Co. Galway stated that he sees the chief disadvantages of Timber Frame building asâ€Å" the inclement conditions conditions in this state, have people concerned that lumber may decompose over clip. Peoples besides feel more unafraid with bricks and howitzer †. Sean O Donnell a chief with a edifice contractor in Co Galway who specialises with both signifiers of building sees the chief advantages of lumber frame over traditional masonry in relation to be to beâ€Å" less labour intensifier, less wastage of stuffs on site, and when lived in less cost in running † . In relation to clip to build he said, â€Å" less clip lost due to adverse conditions, you get to see the finished merchandise quicker and easier and timber frame leads to quicker installing of electrical wiring † . Sing insularity he states, â€Å" with a lumber frame house you are closer to the life country and so non heating the outside wall before making insularity value, it takes really small to heat up house and the quality of insularity is cardinal to better acoustic public presentation †. Questionnaire Consequences Introduction To acquire a true and realistic position on both methods of domestic building the writer decided to obtain the positions of the occupants who live in lumber frame places. To accomplish this, a questionnaire was compiled and distributed around the Galway country. A transcript of the questionnaire is included in the appendix at the terminal of the thesis and the consequences are as follows. As can be seen from the pie chart decidedly shows that 100 % of the surveyed occupants notice the lumber frame method of building to be cheaper to heat than its traditional masonry opposite number. The remarks received included, â€Å" Traditional block was more expensive ; I used solid fuel scope with a back boiler and oil cardinal warming. It was necessary to hold heat invariably from back boiler toped up by oil, in comparing the oil warming in the lumber frame runs for 4 hours per twenty-four hours from November until March to the downstairs radiators merely. We have 2 unfastened fires that we ne’er use as it would be excessively hot. Our oil measure is reduced by 2/3 and we do n’t necessitate solid fuel †. A farther remark stated, â€Å" Timber frame is cheaper every bit non as cold during the twenty-four hours so no demand for much heat during the winter months † clearly shows that the occupants find their lumber frame homes to be warmer than the traditional masonry opposite number with 84 % happening it a batch heater and 14 % of occupants saying it to be somewhat warmer shows how good people rate the acoustic public presentation of their lumber frame house in relation to external noises. 55 % of the occupants find there to be no noise while 45 % of the occupants find there to be a small noise. One of the occupants stated, â€Å" The lone noise to be heard is that of the rain H2O running to the gully † . A farther occupant stated, â€Å" External noises are non an issue, but my house is located on a spot of an elevated site and on a really blowy twenty-four hours the air current can be an issue † . Other illustrations of external noises to be heard included traffic from a nearby chief route and Canis familiariss barking, but no extra noises than would besides be heard in a traditional masonry home. shows what the occupant ‘s ideas are on the acoustic public presentation of their homes in relation to upstairs noise. 22 % of the occupants province that there is a batch of noise to be heard from floor to floor, a bulk of the noise is a consequence of hapless sound insularity being used. One occupant stated, â€Å" Floor sound proofing between floors is a job, we did non take this in to account during building † . 44 % of the occupant ‘s province there is a small noise to be heard from upstairs with motion on floors and doors shuting being the chief subscribers. Finally 34 % of the occupants province there is no noise to be heard, a figure of them said that during building phase they had the builders put in excess sound proofing between floors, which acted most beneficially in cutting down the noise. Other occupants who found there to be no upstairs noise lived entirely and in a consequence had no upstairs motion while in the house. How to cite Timber frame construction, Essay examples

The Creation Of The Universe, The Earth, And Human Beings Essays

The Creation of The Universe, The Earth, and Human Beings In the beginning there was only darkness. For many millions of years this darkness remained. There were no stars, no sun, and no earth. But one day something very special happened. The darkness created light. It was a very small amount of light but it was just enough. The light became the husband of the dark. After a long while both the light and the dark became bored. The light began to insult the dark and the light replied with equally harsh insults. "You are not as beautiful as I!" said the light. "Ha! You are much uglier than I!" said the dark. Eventually they began to fight. None could triumph over the other, however, because they both were equal in power. Dark had a little bit more strength but light had a little bit more cunning. They continued to fight for a very long time until one day the light was tired and she called to the dark. "We must create beings that will give more meaning to our lives for we must live together for eternity." The dark agreed and so it was settled. They would conceive two new beings. One would be female the other would be male and the two siblings would be fertile and give birth to the universe. The light gave birth to a god, the first god, and his name was Thrakath. He was the creator of the universe and the son of the light and the dark. The light also gave birth to Tria and she was the creator of the universe, the daughter of the light and the dark and the wife of Thrakath. Both Thrakath and Tria lived together within the light and dark for a long time creating the universe within their minds. After they had finished thinking they decided to implement their plans. First they created the stars. There were many stars throughout the universe and both Thrakath and Tria were pleased. But the stars eventually became troublesome so they decided to create the sun. The sun became the king of the universe and he was very bright so he could be seen from far and wide. The stars feared him and so again began to behave in an appropriate fashion. He also was very hot and warmed the once cold universe so that life would be possible. Then, Thrakath and Tria decided to make planets. They made eight planets, one every month for eight months. These planets were much smaller than the stars and they worshipped the sun and revolved around him. They waited three more months until they created the ninth planet. This planet they named Earth and decided to make her special. The other planets became jealous but the ever present sun discouraged them from displaying unrest. The earth became extremely weary of her life so Thrakath and Tria gave her a friend who would be her eternal companion named Moon. Moon and Earth became good friends and they stayed together. Thrakath and Tria were very pleased with what they had created but they were not quite finished. They were tired of creating, however, and so they created an earth-god name Terra who would develop and populate the earth. Terra wasted no time in getting to work. First he created water and then he created land. When he had finished he thought to himself how very beautiful Earth was and he was also pleased. Then he reached into his pockets and took out some seeds. Terra proceeded to plant these seeds in the land. They were all different types of seeds and from them sprang many different trees. Some bared fruit and others didn't. Terra thought to himself that the plants were nice but were not interesting enough so he planted special seeds that would grow into animals. Only two of each type of animals were created but they mated and reproduced and populated the earth. He then thought to himself that the animals were interesting but were not very smart. He wanted to create individuals who, like himself, could also create. So after much thought, he created people. The people were very smart. They learned much by just observing the environment around them. They used the plants to create tools and shelter for themselves. They also used plants for food. They killed some of the animals and used them for clothing and also for food. Terra was ecstatic at what he had created and bragged